.8 Describe the correct procedures for inspecting, maintaining, and donning the chemical protective ensemble

·                                 Inspect and Maintain CPO

-                                 CPO inspection

-                     Ensure the bag is solid and not soft when squeezing the bag. 

-                     Expiration date

-                     Tears

-                                 CPO Maintenance

-                     Keep dry

-                     Store in bag when not worn

-                     Avoid POL’s

-                     Maximum number of washes is 6.

-                                 Gloves and Boots

-                     Inspect for wear and tears

 

·                                 Donning the Chemical Protective Overgarment

1.                              Don the trousers and tighten the waist by using the hook and pile fasteners

2.                              Bring the straps over your shoulders and cross them across your chest.  Insert straps into the belt loops and secure them snugly

3.                              Don the smock

4.                              Secure bottom of smock with hook and pile fasteners

 

·                                 Donning the overboots

1.                  Attach the laces to the toe loop, making sure that the laces are centered

2.                  Put a lace through each of the holes on the sides of the boot and pull them up snug

3.                  Cross the laces over the instep

4.                  Put one lace through each of the holes at the heal, inserting them from inside to outside and pulling the laces snug

5.                  Again  cross the laces over the instep

6.                  Thread the laces through the holes on the side again from inside to outside

7.                  Cross the laces over the instep one more time and pull them snug

8.                  Wrap the laces behind the ankle and back to the front.  Tie the laces securely

 

·                                 Notes

-                                 Trousers are worn over the boots

-                                 White cotton undergloves and black, butyl rubber chemical protective outer gloves are worn under the sleeves

-                                 The use of M9 tape at the wrists and ankles is a common procedure to protect against loosening of hook and pile seals and to provide additional sealant protection

 

·                                 MCU-2P Mask Maintenance

-     Remove the canister. Keep that dry. 

-                                 Clean with warm soapy water

-                                 Air dry before storing in carrier

-                                 Replace damaged or worn parts

-                                 Pre-fit mask prior to storing in mask carrier

-                     Test drinking tube

-                     Conduct negative pressure test

 

·                                 Donning the Mask

1.                  Open mask carrier with left hand

2.                  Hold bottom of mask carrier with your left hand while removing the mask with your right hand

3.                  Slide your thumbs inside the facepiece under all of the head harness straps.  Grasp the top of the facepiece and thrust your chin forward

4.                  Hold your head still while you raise the mask to your out-thrust chin and bring the harness over the back of your head.

5.                  Center the head pad

6.                  Grasp the tab ends of the lower straps and tighten them.

7.                  Close the outlet valve with the heel of your hand.  Breathe out forcibly to clear the mask.

8.                  Test the mask for fit and for possible leakage by placing your palms over the canisters.  When you inhale normally, the mask should collapse against your face.

 

.9 Describe the colors and markings of the NATO biological, chemical, and radiological marker signs

 

·                                 All signs measure 11” across the top and 8” along the sides of the triangle

·                                 The signs come in the STANAG 2002 marking kit.

 

·                                 CHEMICAL

-                                 Yellow triangle with “GAS”  written in 2” red block letters

-                                 Write the date, time and agent name (if known) on the front of the triangle

-                                 The signs can be made of wood, metal or other rigid materials that can be hung above the ground

 

·                                 BIOLOGICAL

-                                 Blue triangle with the letters “BIO” in red 2” block letters

-                                 Write the date, time of detection and name of agent if known on the front of the triangle

 

·                                 RADIOLOGICAL

-                                 White triangle with the word “ATOM” written in 2” black letters

-                                 Write the dose rate, date/time of reading and the date/time of burst (if known) on the front of the sign

 

.10 Describe the color the M-9 chemical agent detector-paper turns after it comes in contact with a liquid or blister agent

 

-                                             Detects the presence of liquid nerve and blister agents

-                                             Spots or streaks on the paper appear pink, red-brown, red-purple, or any shade of red, assume it has been exposed to a chemical agent

 

.11 Describe the colors that M-8 paper turns after it comes in contact with a liquid nerve or blister agent. [ref. e, ch. 9]

 

This paper turns colors when the paper touches a chemical agent. V-type nerve agent turns the paper dark green, G-type nerve agent turns it yellow, and a blister agent turns it red.  Person who reads it must not be colorblind. 

 

.12 Explain the following as it applies to nerve agents: [ref. g, sec. F]

 

a.                            Symptoms

-     Contraction of Pupils (Miosis)

-                                 Unexplained runny nose

-                                 Unexpected sudden headache

-                                 Drooling

-                                 Tightness in chest/difficulty in breathing

-                                 Localized sweating/muscle twitching in contaminated area of the skin (Funky Chicken)

-                                 Stomach cramps

-                                 Nausea

 

b.                            Contents of Nerve Agent Antidote Kit (NAAK) MK1

-                                 Auto-injectors

-                                 1ea Atropine (Green plastic needle end, yellow safety cap)

-                                 1ea 2PAM Chloride (Black needle end, gray safety cap)

-                                 3 NAAK Kits plus 1 CANA are issued to each person.  CANA is only used during buddy aid and when convulsions are present.  If it has flanges, it’s CANA. 

 

c.                            Treatment (self and buddy aid)

-                                 Treatment self

·         Don the protective mask

·         Remove a NAAK from the protective mask carrier

·         Inject the meaty part of the thigh with the first injector from the kit (atropine) hold against the thigh for at least 10 seconds

·         Follow immediately with second injector of 2-pam chloride and hold for at least 10 seconds.

·         Bend needle to from a hook and place on the protective outergarment

·         Massage injection site if time permits

·         Wait 10 – 15 minutes before administering second series of injections (no more than three)

-                                 Treatment buddy

·         Mask the casualty

·         Using the casualties NAAK administer three sets of injections immediately and in rapid succession in the thigh muscle of the leg.

·         Hook the expended auto-injectors to the overgarment pocket flap of the casualty

·         Administer the back pressure arm-lift method of artificial ventilation if breathing is difficult or has ceased

·         Administer CANA after third set if he’s undergoing convulsions. 

·         Always use the casualty’s injectors. 

 

.13 Describe the steps and procedures in utilizing the M-295 and M-291

decontamination kits. [ref. i, ch. 2]

 

-                                             M291 Skin Decontamination kit

·         Replaces the M258A1

·         Wallet-like pouch with 6 decon packets

o        Black, reactive, and absorbent resin powder

o        Attached strap for inserting finger.  Pat powder onto skin. 

-                                 M-295 is a large version of the M291 and is used for equipment decon

 

.14 State how long the Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology (JSLIST) suit will provide protection from chemical agents once they are removed from the packaging under the following conditions: [ref. k, par. A]

 

Wash/wear life for chemical protective readiness:

-         uncontaminated environment (whichever comes first).............. 6 launderings/45 days of wear/120 calendar days after removal from factory vacuum-sealed bag

-         Wash/wear life for training purposes................................................................... Unlimited

-         Wear life for chemical protective readiness, once chemically contaminated...................................................................... 24 hours

 

 

.15 Discuss laundering procedures for the JSLIST. [ref. k, par. A]

 

For mission-ready JSLIST chemical protective overgarment, the following cleaning precautions must be adhered to, or chemical/biological exposure in real-life scenarios may result:

·        Do not starch, bleach, dry clean, or steam press any items.

·         Do not attempt stain removal on mission-ready items, as it may result in damage to clothing (stain removal only authorized on training items).

CAUTION

Prior to laundering and drying, make sure all slide fasteners are engaged and all hooks are fastened to prevent rips and tears during laundering.

 

(1) Laundering. Approved laundering methods are as follows:

(a) Field laundering. Refer to FM 10-280 (Appendix A, Formula II), Mobile Field Laundry Clothing Exchange and Bath Operations. Navy personnel refer to NAVEDTRA 10176 (Formula III), Ship’s Serviceman 3.

(b) Machine (home)/hand laundering. Use permanent press wash cycle, or hand wash using warm water 90-110°F (32-43°C) and mild non-phosphate laundry detergent.

(c) Stain removal. Stain removal is only authorized for training items; it is not authorized for mission-ready items. Refer to FM 21-15 (Chapter 2 and Appendix D), Care and Use of Individual Clothing and Equipment, for instructions on stain removal.

 

(2) Drying. Approved drying methods are as follows:

(a) Field tumble drying. Use FM 10-280 (Appendix A, Formula II), ), Mobile Field Laundry Clothing Exchange and Bath Operations. Shipboard personnel refer to Naval Ships’

Technical Manual, Chapters 470 and 655, concerning dryers installed on specific ship classes.

(b) Machine (home) drying. Tumble dry, at low temperature 110-120°F (43-48°C) and remove immediately from dryer.

(c) Hang drying. To drip dry, remove from water and place on rust-proof hanger. Do not puncture JSLIST chemical protective overgarment when hang drying on a clothesline, on rust-proof hangers, or for the purpose of identification, since puncturing will compromise CB protection.

 

(3) Record of laundering. Always mark the next laundering record box on the clothing garment label (see Chapter 1), with an indelible marker, after any laundering. For field laundry, the laundry operation personnel are responsible for marking the garment.

 

.16 Discuss the following types of decontamination: [ref. c, ch. 6]

 

a.                            Immediate

-                                 Skin decon

·         To include yourself and your weapon

-                                 Operator spraydown

 

b.                            Operational: 

-     Allows a force to fight longer and sustain its mission while contaminated. 

-                                 Removal of gross contaminants

-                                 MOPP gear exchange

-                                 Jiffy (Dahlke Decon)

 

c.                            Thorough

-                                 Detailed troop and equipment decon

-                                 Reduce contaminants to a negligible risk

 

.17 Discuss the procedure for setting up a personnel decontamination line.

[ref. l, ch. 3]

 

-                                             The PDS is set up in a secure, uncontaminated area upwind from the contaminated site. 

-                                             Personnel from both the decontamination and the supported unit operate the PDS under the supervision of the Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Defense Officer.

-                                             Removing contaminated MOPP gear, decontaminating the Protective mask and weapon are the major actions in the Detailed Troop Decontamination (DTD).  The web gear is buried since it can not be fully decontaminated. 

-                                             The CBR Team is responsible for setting up, operating, and closing the DTD in a thorough decon site.

-                                             The CBR office recommends to the COC the general location of the DTD within the decon site

 

.18 Discuss the procedure for setting up a detailed equipment decontamination line.

[ref. l, ch. 3]

 

-                                             Stations should be 30 – 50m apart.

-                                             Station 1:  Initial wash

·         Remove gross contamination and dirt from vehicles.

-                                             Station 2:  Decontaminant Application

·         Need an ample supply of HTH Bleach.

·         Vehicle is divided into 4 parts.  A member of the scrubbing team is assigned to each part of the vehicle starting at the top and working toward the undercarriage.

-     Station 3:  Interior Decon

-     Station 4:  Rinse

 

Decontamination Site Considerations:

     -Ample water supply (adjacent to streams lakes that are not contaminated)

-         Good drainage to control the contamination that washes off.

-         Off the main route (Avoid spreading of contamination.

-         Upwind from the contaminated area. 

 

.19 Discuss the duties and responsibility of the following CBR team:

[ref. i, ch. 4; ref. j, ch. 4]

 

a.                            Personal DECON

-                                 Set up and operate the Detailed Troop Decontamination

 

b.                            Vehicle DECON

-                                 Set up and operate the Detailed Equipment Decontamination/Jiffy Decon.

 

c.                            Survey/monitor team

-                                 Find/Identify contamination or monitor movement/levels of existing contamination.

 

.20 State the purpose and the optimum location of the M-22 chemical alarm.

[ref. a]

 

Purpose:

The ALARM, CHEMICAL AGENT, AUTOMATIC: M22 detects and senses chemical Warfare nerve (G or V-Series) and blister (H-Series) agents in the air and provides a visual and audible warning via the built-in display and audible alarm or the ABCA-M42 Alarm Unit. The M22 bar-graph display indicates the concentration levels of the hazardous agent vapors detected by agent class.

 

Basic Components:

M88 Detector Unit, M42 Remote Alarm, the M28 Power Supply or Battery (BA5590) and the M281 Mounting Kit

 

Optimum Location:

M88 – Placed Upwind

M42 – Placed downwind inside camp

Maximum of 5 M42 Alarms can be attached to 1 M88.

Maximum distance from M42 to M88 is 400m

When fixed emplacement, M88 is placed 150 m forward of the FEBA and 300 m between power sources. 

 

.21 Explain the three types of CBR surveys and their uses. [ref. h, ch. 5]

 

-                                             Point Survey

• Get directly to the pointed area (Grid coordinate)

-                                             Route survey

• Routes and specific points may be surveyed if that information is usually found during recon operations

• If conducted, the survey team goes to a specific point or points along a route and tests for the presence of liquid contamination with M8 or M9 detector paper

 

-                                             Area survey

• The goal of an area surveillance mission is to provide a tailored detection capability in those tactical situations where it is impractical to employ remote point samplers, such as M8A1 system.

 

.22 Describe what type of standard decontamination agent reacts violently with liquid

mustard agent? [ref. i, app. D]

 

-                                             Super Tropical Bleach:  STB reacts violently by igniting spontaneously upon contact with liquid mustard agent

-                                             STB should not be inhaled or come in contact with the skin.  STB gives off toxic vapors upon contact with G agents

 

.23 Discuss the following as it relates to CBR: [ref. j, ch. 2]

 

1.  Chemical

a.                  Pre-attack actions

-                     Extended wear of protective clothing.  (The individual may have to adapt to wearing protective clothing and equipment for extended periods.)

-                     M9 Chemical Agent Detector Paper.  Attach to clothing.  If spots or streaks on the paper appear pink, red-brown, red-purple or any shad of red, assume it has been exposed to a chemical agent.

-                     Individuals must remain alert and constantly aware of the chemical threat.

-                     Protection of Individual Equipment.  Keep equipment and supplies organized and covered

 

b.                  Attack

-                     Stop breathing.  Close eyes. 

-                     Don Protective mask

-                     Give the alarm

-                     Continue the mission and wait for further orders

-                     Assist others when the situation permits

 

 

c.                  After-attack

-                     Remain in protective gear and continue your mission

-                     Give first aid to casualties in the immediate vicinity when the situation and mission permit

-                     Await the commanders orders for unmasking

-                     Issue the NBC 1 Report.

 

2.                            Nuclear Attack Actions

a.                Pre-attack actions

-                     Fighting hole:

-         The deeper the fighting hole, the more protection it provides

-         An overhead covering of earth or other material will help reduce the amount of thermal and initial nuclear radiation and fallout material from reaching the individual

-         Cover must be sturdy enough to withstand the blast wave

-                     Field Shelters:

-         Tunnels, caves and storm drains provide effective shelter.  Vehicles made of steel provide some protection.

-                     Supplies and Equipment:

-         Equipment and supplies not being worn should be placed in the fighting hole to prevent them from becoming missiles.

b.                During attack actions

-                     Drop flat on the ground facedown or to the bottom of a fighting hole.

-                     Close your eyes

-                     Protect exposed skin from heat by putting your hands and arms near or under your body.  Keep your helmet on

-                     Remain down until after the blast has passed and debris has stopped falling.

-                     Stay clam, check for injury, check weapons and equipment for damage, and prepare to continue mission

c.                After attack action

-                     Begin fallout monitoring

-                     Bathe and change clothes as soon as possible

-                     Avoid breathing dust (place handkerchief or similar cloth over mouth)

-                     Remember run off water is contaminated.

.24 Explain and discuss the following dosimetry equipment: [ref. h, ch. 4]

 

a. IM 143

 

It is a direct reading instrument capable of detecting and recording a total dose of up to 600 roentgens. It is termed a pocket dosimeter and is about the size and shape of a fountain pen.

 

IM 9

Pocket dosimeter that measures from 0 to 200 milliroentgens.

 

PP4276

Charger for the IM143 and IM9 that also zeros it out. 

 

b. ANPDQ1

 

Multi-function Radiac set.  Handheld electronic monitoring device containing an internal gamma detector and measurement probes for Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Neutron, and X-ray.

 

.25  Explain and discuss the M-256 Kit for surveying.

 

The M256A1 provide a portable capability for detecting nerve, blister, and blood agents.  The carry case consists of 12 detectors, M8 paper, and plastic instruction cards.  The manufacturer’s date and expiration date is located on the top of the case.  The shelf life is 6 years.

 

When conducting tests at night, do not use the red lens.  A red light may conceal a positive response.

 

Detector tests should range from 10 to 15 minutes.