UNIT 104 CC
SAFETY
OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual
COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCB INSTRUCTION 5100.1, Navy Construction Safety Manual
Industrial/Construction Standards 29 CFR 1910/1926
Explain the responsibilities of the following personnel as applied to safety:
a. Commanding Officer b. Executive Officer
c. Safety Officer d. Department Head/Company
e. Supervisor f. Crew leader
g. Safety Petty Officer h. All hands
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCB INSTRUCTION 5100.1, Navy Construction Safety Manual
Commanding Officer
Responsible for the safety and health of all military and civilian personnel, the safe use and condition of equipment, and the protection of all government property.
Ensures compliance with established procedures and work practices.
Ensures OSH councils and committees are formed at appropriate command levels.
Ensures compliance with current instructions and regulations.
Ensures all work places receive a safety inspection at least annually.
Establishes a Hazard Abatement Program.
Establishes NAVOSH education and training programs.
Coordinates occupational health support with the cognizant Naval Hospital or Regional Medical Center.
Reviews and signs the Annual Safety Report.
Executive Officer
Chairman of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Counsel, assumes the duties of C.O. in his/her absence.
Assumes the Commanding Officer’s responsibilities in his absence.
Acts as Chairman for the OSH Policy Committee Meeting.
Enforces the Commanding Officer’s safety policies and procedures.
Safety Officer
Advises the Commanding Officer on matters pertaining to safety, manages the command safety program, investigates mishaps, monitors projects, shops, and special evolutions for compliance with safety standards.
Organizationally on the immediate staff of the Commanding Officer. A full time assignment.
Maintains complete and accurate records on the accident, injury, occupational illness rate of unit and submits annual mishap summaries to Brigade.
Develops accident prevention and loss control measures and programs.
Conducts safety and accident investigations, analyzes reports of occupational injuries and or property damage to identify factors or trends.
As required, prepares specific safety rules and regulations for approval by the CO.
Instruction verification.
Reviews and approves all project general and specific safety plans.
Organizes and conducts safety inspections and surveys to identify violations, hazards, and deficiencies in operations, facilities, and equipment.
Records safety and health violations through an aggressive Hazard Abatement Program.
Coordinates actions and follows up on corrective measures taken.
Maintains liaison with planning and design officials.
Assists supervisors in developing and conducting safety training. Provides consultation services, advice, and guidance.
Technical authority in the procurement of PPE.
Conducts hazard analysis of project/shop operations and develops safe working standards and conditions.
Consults and maintains liaison with key personnel during various planning evaluations.
Submits minutes of OSH Policy and Safety Supervisor committee meetings to the Commanding Officer for review.
TRAINS, EDUCATES, TRACKS, INSPECTS, FOLLOWS UP.
Safety Chain of Command
Department Heads/Company Commanders: responsible for safety within their areas of responsibility, enforce safety standards. Are assigned as members of the OSH Counsel.
Department Head/ Company Commander Responsibilities
Ensures all safety regulations are complied with.
Promotes and strengthens the safety program through all levels of supervision by establishing internal training procedures.
Plans all work with regards to safety and the safety related equipment or materials needed.
Supervises and monitors staff to ensure full compliance with all safety rules and regulations.
Picks the right person for the job at hand and ensures they are trained.
Reviews work procedures and takes positive action to correct all hazards.
Ensures proper tracking of all training and the complete and thorough investigation of all mishaps with timely submissions.
Supervisors
Responsible for the safety of their personnel, develop safety plans, enforce safety standards, ensure adequate PPE is available.
Be familiar with safety rules and regulations for jobs and facilities in your area.
Enforces safety rules and immediately corrects any unsafe act or noted deficiency.
Inspects jobs and work areas for hazards and unsafe work habits.
Educates and trains personnel, sets the example.
Reports all mishaps in a timely manner.
Investigates all mishaps, determines the basic causes, and takes corrective actions to prevent repetitive mishaps.
Insures PPE is available and properly being worn and at all work sites.
Knows personnel limitations, assigns the right person to the task at hand.
Posts appropriate signs and warnings.
Safety Chain of Command
Supervisors: Monitor safety within their Company/Department/Detail. Initiate preliminary mishap investigation within their area of responsibility.
Principle advisor to Company Commander/Department Head/DET OIC.
Normally an E-6 or above, must have attended the Safety Managers Course.
Crew leaders and other supervisor are the key people in a successful and aggressive safety program. Responsibilities include but are not limited to:
Being familiar with safety rules and regulations
Enforcing safety rules and correcting unsafe acts.
Educating and training personnel
Reporting all mishaps and near misses
Ensuring the correct personal protective equipment
All Hands: Responsible for their own safety and the safety of their “Shipmates”. Everyone should be aware of the hazards to which they are exposed and precautionary measures to prevent personal injury or property damage.
All Hands
Reports to work well rested and emotionally prepared for the task at hand.
Understands and follows safety and health precautions pertinent to work areas.
Reports to immediate supervisor any unsafe conditions or acts.
Cautions those who may be endangered by suspected, known, unusual or developing hazards.
Reports any mishaps to your immediate supervisor.
Uses all PPE required to complete the task.
PQS Question 104.2 Explain the functions of the Safety Policy Committee and the Safety Supervisors Committee
Reference: OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual
OSH Policy Committee
Safety Supervisor Committee
OSH Policy Committee
Chaired by the Executive Officer.
Meets second Monday of every month while on deployment, and quarterly while in Homeport.
Utilized to discuss or investigate safety problems, monitor health programs, develop recommendations for approval by the CO.
Tracks mishap trends and looks ahead for possible areas of concern.
Reviews the minutes of the Safety Supervisors committee meeting and directs appropriate action to ensure compliance with all instructions.
Keeps the Commanding Officer informed of problems and corrective actions taken.
Safety Policy Committee
Safety Policy Committee (OSH Counsel) consists of XO (Chairman), Safety Officer, S-1, S-3, S-4, S-7, Medical Officer, All Company Commanders and DET OIC’s. They meet once a month on deployment and at least quarterly in homeport. They review minutes of the OSH Committee, mishaps and mishap trends and recommend changes to safety policies to the C.O.
Safety Supervisors Committee
Safety Officer chairs the committee, members are appointed in writing by the Commanding Officer.
Held the first Monday of each month.
Each member is responsible for performing the following functions:
Attends each month and more often if deemed necessary.
Participates in the exchange of information and follow on action requests.
Proposes safety policy or procedure recommendations to the OSH Policy Committee.
Advises the Safety Office staff of the command safety policy’s effectiveness and influence on the command climate.
Coordinates and reviews stand-up safety lectures and other job site procedures.
Safety Supervisors Committee (OSH Committee): Consists of Safety Officer (Chairman), Safety Assistant, All Company/Department/DET Safety Representatives, License Examiner and HAZMAT Coordinator. Committee meets monthly.
The committee reviews mishap trends, and makes recommendations to the Counsel for policy changes.
PQS Question 104. 3 Explain the purpose of a mishap investigation and who’ s responsible for conducting
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12971, Naval Safety Supervisor
Mishap Investigations
The U.S. Navy documents the loss of millions of dollars each year on accidental damage, fatalities, injuries, and occupational illness. Mishaps lower operational readiness and waste tax dollars.
It is the Commanding Officer’s/Officer in Charge’s responsibility to conduct mishap investigations and report all reportable injuries, fatalities, and occupational illnesses occurring within their command or involving personnel attached to their command.
When mishaps occur in remote areas, the activity nearest the scene will initiate the notification process, notify the parent command and investigate the mishap if not relieved by the parent command.
Mishap Definitions
Mishap: Any unplanned or unexpected event causing personnel injury, occupational illness, death, material loss or damage, or an explosion of any kind whether damage occurs or not.
Near Mishap: When injury or damages were avoided merely by chance or circumstance.
Hazardous Condition: A condition which if allowed to go unchecked or uncorrected, has the potential to cause a mishap.
Mishap Categories
Personnel/ Injury/ Death(PID)/Occupational Illness.
Fatality.
Lost workday Case: Lost time case which prevents a military person from performing regularly established duty for a period of 24 hours or more, subsequent to 2400 on the day of the injury or onset of illness.
Man overboard: all cases.
Electric Shock: All cases afloat, any case ashore resulting in medical treatment or attention and any case ashore resulting from equipment design deficiency.
Chemical/ Toxic Exposure/ Oxygen Deficiency: All cases requiring medical exam or attention.
Fatalities and lost workday injuries resulting from explosives, private motor vehicle accidents, or diving.
Mishaps causing repair or replacement cost of $10,000.00 or more to equipment. Some special cases require reporting no matter the cost involved.
Fire: except small trash or similar fires with no personnel or material damage.
Flooding: all cases on afloat commands.
Grounding: all cases on afloat commands.
Explosion: involving non-nuclear explosives, explosive ordnance, chemical agents.
Motor Vehicle (MV): Falls into two categories (Government-GMV/Privately owned-PMV).
GMV: Reportable with at least $1,000.00 property damage, a fatality or lost time injury, or fatality or injury requiring treatment greater then first aid to any non-DOD personnel.
PMV: Traffic mishap, regardless of identity, which does not involve a GMV, but results in a fatality or lost time injury to military personnel.
Mishap Injury Categories
Diving: Involves fatality, lost time or illness due to decompression.
Fatal Injury or Occupational Illness: Results in death from a mishap or complications arising from illness due to occupational exposure.
Permanent Total Disability: Non-fatal injury or illness that in the opinion of competent medical authority, permanently incapacitates a person so no gainful employment can be gained.
Permanent Partial Disability: Non-fatal injury or illness, in the opinion of a competent medical authority, resulting in the loss or permanent impairment of any part of the body.
Lost Time Case: Non-fatal traumatic injury that causes any loss of time from work beyond the day or shift it occurred, or a non-fatal, non-traumatic illness/disease that causes disability at any time.
No Lost Time Case: Non-fatal traumatic injury or occupational illness/disease that does not meet the definition of a lost time case.
First Aid Case: Specific type of no lost time case. One or more visits to a medical facility for examination or treatment during on-duty hours, where no medical expense is incurred.
PQS Question 104.4 Explain the different types of eye protection and when are they required.
Reference:OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual
Sight Conservation Program
All Navy activities that expose personnel to eye hazards shall have a sight conservation program with the following as a minimum:
Identification and evaluation of eye hazard.
Prescription protective eye wear program.
Procurement and maintenance of safety glasses.
Training for employees.
Effective program enforcement.
Types of eye protection:
Goggles.
Safety glasses.
Face shields.
Permanents walls.
Temporary/ movable shields.
Signs must be posted in all eye hazard areas.
Different Types of Eye Protection and Uses.
Safety goggles: Protect from flying particles and dust.
Chemical goggles: Protect from splashing liquids, (acids, solvents, etc.)
Safety glasses: Protect from flying particles (Impact, debris)
Welding glasses/goggles: Protect from Ultraviolet radiation (arc flash).
Over spectacle glasses(plano’s): Protect from flying particles and impact worn over prescription glasses.
Safety eye wear should be worn in any of the above situations.
PQS Question 104.5 Explain the Hearing Conservation Program and when personnel are required to be enrolled.
Reference: OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual
Hearing Conservation Program
Intended to prevent hearing loss related to exposure to high noise levels.
Noises greater than 84 dba and peak noises greater than 140 dba require hearing protection. (ear plugs or ear muffs)
Noises greater than 104 dba require double hearing protection. (ear plugs and muffs)
Personnel are enrolled in the Hearing Conservation Program when they are exposed to noises greater than 84 dba for an 8 hour time weighted average based on a 40 hour work week.
Personnel enrolled in the program must have a baseline hearing test (audiogram) and annual testing while in the program.
When a person is removed from the program they must be tested for documentation of hearing capability.
Goal is to prevent occupational hearing loss and ensure auditory fitness for duty in the military and civilian workforce.
Meeting the goal.
Noise Measure and Analysis.
Survey work environments.
Engineering Control .
Reduction of noise at the source.
Hearing Protective devices.
Single hearing protection is required when exposed to 84 dB or one time decibel peaks of 140 dB or greater.
Double hearing protection is required when exposed to steady decibel levels exceeding 104 dB.
Audiometer.
Baseline completed at MEPS.
Yearly testing on personnel exposed to 84 dB daily.
Five years for personnel not exposed to 84 dB daily.
Education.
Every one will receive yearly training.
PQS Question 104.6 Explain the different types of hearing protection and when are they required.
Reference: OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual
Insert type: Ear plugs
Circumaural type: Ear muffs
Required for continuous noise levels greater than 84 dba and peak noise levels greater than 140 dba
Combination: Ear plugs and ear muffs
Required for continuous noise levels greater than 104 dba
PQS Question 104.7 Explain the maintenance and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and why it is necessary.
Reference: OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should be maintained in a condition that allows proper use of the equipment.
Scratched lenses, dirty, missing components, etc. can lessen the effectiveness of the equipment and deter usage.
When PPE is not used properly people may be injured or property damaged.
Head Protection.
Protection from impact of falling and flying objects.
Foot Protection.
Protection of foot and toe from falling objects such as construction material handling.
Eye Protection.
Protection from flying particles or chips, and splashes from liquids.
Hand Protection.
To protect fingers and hand from sharp objects.
Shock absorbing gloves for jack hammers.
Electrical Protection.
Rubber protective equipment for rated for certain voltages for electrical workers.
Long sleeves.
To protect arms from flying debris or sparks.
Life lines.
Protection from falling heights greater than 6 feet.
Aprons.
Protection from splashes or sparks at mid section.
Respiratory Protection.
Protection from particles, fumes, mists, dusts and vapors.
PQS Question 104.8 State the purpose of temporary electrical power sources and explain source inspection and certification requirements.
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCB INSTRUCTION 5100.1, Navy Construction Safety Manual
Types of temporary electrical power:
Generators, 5kw has to be grounded unless stated as double insulated otherwise on the generator.
Resistance level must be below 25 ohms to ground for normal set-up, 15ohms in hazardous atmospheres and 5 ohms in explosive atmospheres.
Existing power, checked for proper grounding.
Existing power pole, run through a spider box to reduce current. Must also be grounded.
All temporary electrical power sources shall only be permitted during emergencies, periods of construction, remodeling, repair to or demolition of structures or similar activities.
All temporary sources shall be inspected, certified safe and tagged with the inspectors name, company, and date prior to the first use.
All sources shall be re-inspected every 14 days after initial inspection and certified safe for continued use on the attached tag.
The inspection of temporary power sources shall also be kept in a log. This log will contain the same information as the tag, plus it will also contain the exact location of the tag(s).
The primary purpose of the inspection is to ensure that proper grounding is established and that this source can be utilized without endangering the worker.
Temporary electric power is defined as any electric power source used for construction, renovation, contingency, or emergency operations. (any electric power source we use with hand tools and equipment is considered “temporary power”.)
All temporary electric power sources must be inspected and certified safe, inspections are to be conducted initially and updated bimonthly.
Temporary electric power inspections.
Temporary power sources are inspected to insure:
proper voltage
proper polarity
adequate ground
All generators must be grounded to earth with a
minimum of 25 ohms resistance or comply with the
National Electric Code when 25 ohms or less can
not be achieved.
PQS Question 104.9 Explain when Ground Fault Circuit Interruption (GFCI) protection is required.
Reference: Industrial/Construction Standards 29 CFR 1910/1926
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI’s) are required to be used with all electric hand tools (drills, saws, concrete vibrators, etc.).
GFCI’s detect a change in the flow of electricity and interrupt the circuit before any harm can be done to personnel. GFCI’s must trip at less than .5 milliamps.
GFCI’s must be tested monthly to ensure proper function.
All 120 volt, single phase 15 and 20 ampere receptacle outlets on construction sites or shops shall have an approved class A, group I, GFCI unit with a trip level between 3 and 5 milliamps.
Receptacles on two wire, single phase portable or vehicle mounted generators, rated not more than 5KW, where the circuit conductors of the generator are insulated from the generator frame and all other grounding surfaces do not require GFCI protection.
The CTR electrician shall ensure that all GFCI’s function correctly, are in good repair and maintains a GFCI inspection log.
No repairs to GFCI are authorized.
GFCI’s that are damaged or fail to function correctly will be returned the manufacturer for repair and/or replacement.
PQS Question 104.10 Explain the electrical and power equipment inspection requirements.
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCB INSTRUCTION 5100.1, Navy Construction Safety Manual
All tools (electrical, power, hand, etc.) will be inspected daily by the operator prior to use. This includes PPE, extension cords, air hoses, hydraulic components etc..
Any tool or equipment found defective or damaged must be removed from service until repaired or replaced.
Powder actuated tools must be inspected monthly by a qualified technician with inspection documented and records maintained.
The following tests shall be performed on cord sets, receptacles not part of the permanent wiring of a building or structure, and cord and plug connected equipment required to be grounded:
All equipment grounding conductors shall be tested for continuity and shall be electrically continuous.
Each receptacle and attachment cap or plug shall be tested for correct attachment of the equipment grounding conductor. The equipment grounding conductors shall be connected to its proper terminal.
Required times of inspection:
Before the first use.
Before equipment is returned to service after any repair.
Before equipment is used after any incident which can be reasonably suspected to have caused damage.
At intervals not to exceed one month.
Equipment which has not met the requirements of this paragraph shall not be issued for use and stored in CTR .
PQS Question 104.11 Explain when lockout/tag-out procedures for electrical and energy sources are required.
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCB INSTRUCTION 5100.1, Navy Construction Safety Manual
All potential energy sources must be secured prior to working on equipment and machinery.
Locks and tags are installed to prevent accidental activation of the equipment or energizing the power source while work is being performed.
Damaged or unsafe equipment or machinery should be locked or tagged out of service to prevent use until repairs are made.
Only qualified personnel are authorized to perform lockout/tagout. The lockout/tagout log is maintained in the Safety Office.
Required when you will be working on any items that will store energy as:
Electrical equipment.
Hydraulic.
Steam.
PQS Question 104.12 Define confined space and describe the hazards associated with it.
Reference: Industrial/Construction Standards 29 CFR 1910/1926
Confined spaces are spaces with:
limited access or egress (not equipped with regular doors or intended for frequent entry)
poor to no ventilation
potential to contain harmful gasses or vapors.
Low or high oxygen concentration <19.5% or > 23.5%
Hazards associated with confined spaces:
Suffocation
Poisoning
Explosion
Electrocution
Entrapment
Typical injuries (cuts, abrasions, falling, slipping, etc.)
Hazards.
Oxygen Deficiency below 19.5 %.
Toxic gases or materials.
Flammable gases or materials.
Confined Space Program Manager.
Only person who can certify a confined space entrance.
Lists PPE required to enter a confined space.
Lists the types of hazards.
Constantly monitors work space during job.
Only Gas Free Engineers are authorized to certify a confined space for entry.
Once all personnel exit the space for any duration, the space must be re-certified.
All confined spaces with potential hazards require a permit for entry.
PQS Question 104. 13 Explain who is authorized to certify a confined space as safe for entry/work
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCB INSTRUCTION 5100.1, Navy Construction Safety Manual
To render these spaces safe for entry by personnel to perform work, a certified gas-free engineer must conduct an inspection to ensure safe working conditions.
A qualified gas-free engineer is the only individual authorized to permit entry by personnel.
PQS Question 104.14 Describe the three basic types of respirators and explain their use, care, and selection
Reference: OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program
Inline Respirator.
Used in oxygen deficient spaces or where hazardous gases are present.
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA).
Used in oxygen deficient spaces or where hazardous gases are present. Usually when the workers will be on the move.
Air Purifying Respirator.
Used to clean the air you are breathing only. Cannot filter out hazardous gases or provide oxygen to breath.
Care.
Cleaning.
Wipe after each use with alcohol swab.
Wash monthly with warm soapy water.
Maintenance.
Fixed by the RPPM only.
Storage.
Stored in dry, clean, labeled and air tight bag.
Stored laying flat.
Replacement Criteria.
Replace Filter after 8 hours of use.
Selection.
Type of hazards you will be exposed to.
Permissible Exposure Limit as set by OSHA.
Threshold Limit Value as set by the American Council of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).
MSDS sheet requirements.
NIOSH Chemical Guide handbook.
Industrial Hygienist department recommendation.
Air purifying: Purifies the air by filtration (does not provide oxygen)
Supplied air: Uses a respirator face piece in conjunction with a remote air source, air hose restricts movement, unlimited time limit
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) completely self contained allows freedom of movement in harmful environments, has time limitation.
Emergency Escape Breathing Device (EEBD)
Use of respirators:
Respirators are used in atmospheres containing harmful fumes, vapors, and gasses. Additionally, may be used in atmospheres without sufficient oxygen (supplied air and SCBA)
Respirators must be applicable to the environment in which they are to be used.
Care of respirators:
Respirators shall be inspected prior to each use.
Respirators shall be cleaned after each use with warm soapy water.
Cartridges/filters shall be changed when they are no longer effective.
Respirators shall be sanitized weekly with a bleach water solution.
Disposable respirators shall be damaged to prevent further use prior to disposal.
PQS Question 104.15 Describe the importance of the Industrial Hygiene and Work Place Monitoring program.
Reference: OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program
Industrial Hygiene (IH) personnel recognize, evaluate and make recommendations to control potential workplace hazards.
Assess potential health risks faced by Navy personnel.
Establish and document historical records of exposure levels for Navy personnel.
Ensure and demonstrate compliance with NAVOSH exposure criteria.
IH performs work place monitoring. They provide:
Descriptions of the operations, tasks and work practices which take place in each workplace.
Lists of hazardous materials used in each work place.
Lists of the physical hazards, noise hazards, and sources of non-ionizing radiation.
Existing administrative controls, environmental controls and/or PPE required in each shop.
Conducted annually or when a change occurs.
Workplaces are monitored by the Industrial Hygienist to determine levels of exposure to hazards.
Workplaces should be re-evaluated annually to determine any changes in hazard potential.
Workplaces should be monitored when new equipment or processes are introduced.
PQS Question 104.16 Describe the basic reporting procedures required when an unsafe/unhealthful working condition report is submitted.
Reference: OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program
Report to Chain of Command.
If Chain of Command does not resolve the problem report to the Safety Office.
If you desire not to verbally report to the Safety Office, you may submit a “Report of Unsafe/Unhealthful Working Conditions” OPNAV 5100/11.
Once the Safety Office receives the report they have up to 72 hours to investigate the situation.
Alleged imminent danger situations will be investigated within 24 hours.
The Safety Officer will reply in writing to the person submitting the report within 10 working days.
Normally conducted by the Safety Officer.
Detecting unsafe or unhealthful working conditions at the earliest possible time, then making prompt corrections of these hazards at the lowest possible level are essential to properly resolving unsafe or unhealthful conditions.
Investigation time limits.
24 Hours on IDLH, immediately dangerous to life and health.
3 days for serious situations.
Health Hazard are referred to Medical.
Response.
10 working days to originator in writing.
List what is being done.
Who to appeal to findings to.
Appeals.
Copy of 5100/11.
Written response.
Letter stating why you are not happy with response.
Explain the purpose of good housekeeping.
Good Housekeeping is necessary to prevent mishaps from tripping, fire, falling, imperilment, etc.
Safety compliance is about attitudes, if the work center is sloppy the attitude reflected is sloppy work and carelessness is acceptable.
Prevents health problems.
Keeps rodents and bugs down.
Prevents tripping hazards.
Removes puncture hazards.
Eliminates flying debris or missile hazards.
Discourages pilferage of project materials and tools.
Explain the importance of properly grounding portable electrical distribution system
Electrical distribution systems require grounding to provide over current protection to the equipment, should the equipment be struck by lightning the grounding method provides a path to ground for the energy instead of through the distribution system.
All electrical distribution grounding system grounds must read less than 25 ohms to ground resistance or be in accordance with the National Electric Code.
Protects human life by providing the least path of resistance to ground for electrical current.
Protects equipment from damage due to prolonged overcurrent conditions.
Protects the electrical distribution systems from sustaining severe damage.
Explain the four general classes of fires and what type of extinguishers are used on each.
Class A: Combustible materials such as wood, Paper, clothing, etc.
Class B: Petroleum products, Oil, Gas, Plastic, etc.
Class C: Electrical
Class D: Metals (magnesium, phosphorous)
extinguishers
Class A: Water, dry chemical
Class B: Dry chemical, CO2, Foam
Class C: Dry chemical, CO2, Halon
Class D: No known extinguishing method, clear the area and let burn out.
Class A
Fires in ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and many plastics.
Use water , antifreeze, soda-acid, foam, aqueous film forming foam(AFFF), loaded stream, multipurpose dry chemical and Halon type fire extinguishers.
Class B
Fires in flammable liquids, oils, greases, tars, oil base paints, lacquers and flammable gases.
Use Halon, CO2, dry chemical, foam and aqueous film forming foam type fire extinguishers.
Class C.
Fires which involve energized electrical equipment where the electrical nonconductivity of the extinguishing media is of importance.
Use Halon, CO2 and dry chemical type fire extinguishers.
Class D.
Fires in combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium and potassium.
Use the fire extinguisher approved for each specific combustible-metal hazard
Safety Stand-downs are to provide specific safety information and training for specific hazards, evolutions, and activities.
Safety Stand-downs are usually before known potentially dangerous times such as holiday seasons, prior to exercises, etc.
Additionally, Safety Stand-downs are scheduled after catastrophic mishaps to prevent similar mishaps.
Provides a forum to release specific safety information or guidance to a large audience.
Used to focus personnel on specific hazards of their jobs and work stations.
Re-enforces safety as the number one priority required in the performance of their jobs.
Provides time for personnel to reflect on past and current work safety practices and standards.